Motors, servos and drivers for Arduino and ESP32
32 parts, each with its pinout, wiring per board, code that compiles and the mistakes to avoid.
SG90 Micro ServoA 9-gram positional micro servo that swings about 180 degrees in response to a 50 Hz servo pulse, rated at 4.8V.
MG996R Servo · Straight HornTowerPro's metal-gear servo, 11 kg·cm at 6V from a standard 50Hz servo pulse, fitted with a single straight arm.
MG996R Servo · Cross HornTowerPro's metal-gear standard servo, 11 kg·cm at 6V under standard 50Hz servo pulses, shipped here with a four-arm cross horn.
MG996R Servo · Star HornA metal-gear positional RC servo that delivers 11 kg·cm of stall torque at 6V under standard 50Hz servo control, with a star horn.
MG996R Servo · Round HornHigh-torque metal-gear servo delivering 11 kg·cm of stall torque at 6V, fitted here with a round output disc.
DC MotorA small 130-size brushed DC motor that turns direct current into continuous rotation for wheels, fans, and pumps.
5V RelayA single-channel 5V relay module built on the SONGLE SRD-05VDC-SL-C, letting a microcontroller switch an isolated AC or DC load through SPDT contacts rated 10A at 125VAC.
Piezo BuzzerA two-terminal passive piezo buzzer that turns a square wave into audible tones and alerts.
28BYJ-48 StepperA 5V unipolar geared stepper motor: 4 phases, 5 wires and a 1/64 reduction gearbox for fine, low-speed positioning, almost always driven through a ULN2003 board.
17HS4401S StepperA NEMA 17 bipolar stepper motor with 1.8 degree steps (200 steps per revolution) and 40 N·cm of holding torque, built for precise open-loop positioning.
L298N Motor DriverDual full-bridge (H-bridge) driver built on the STMicroelectronics L298 IC that lets a microcontroller run two DC motors or one bipolar stepper at up to 2A per channel.
A4988 Stepper DriverThe A4988 is an Allegro DMOS microstepping driver with a built-in translator that runs one bipolar stepper motor from simple STEP and DIR pulses.
TMC2209 Stepper DriverThe TMC2209 is a silent StealthChop2 microstepping driver for bipolar stepper motors, controlled by STEP/DIR or single-wire UART.
TB6612FNG Motor DriverToshiba dual H-bridge motor driver that runs two DC motors (or one bipolar stepper) at up to 1.2A average per channel through low-resistance MOSFET outputs.
ULN2003 Stepper DriverA ULN2003 Darlington-array breakout that lets a microcontroller drive a 5V unipolar stepper motor (typically the 28BYJ-48) from four digital pins.
Active BuzzerA 12 mm magnetic buzzer with its own oscillator: give it DC and it beeps one fixed 2.4 kHz tone, no code tricks needed.
L293D Motor Driver ICA 16-pin DIP with two H-bridges and built-in clamp diodes that drives two DC motors forward and reverse at 600 mA each.
MAX98357A I2S 3W AmplifierA mono class-D amplifier that takes I2S digital audio straight from an ESP32 or Pico and drives a 4 Ω speaker at up to 3.2 W.
PCA9685 16-Channel Servo DriverAn I2C board that drives 16 servos or LEDs with 12-bit PWM from two microcontroller pins, chainable to 62 boards on one bus.
Solenoid Valve (12V)A normally closed 12 V water valve that opens while its coil is powered, switched from a microcontroller through a MOSFET or relay.
Speaker (3W, 4Ω)A 3 W, 4 Ω speaker sealed in a small 70 mm enclosure, the natural partner for a MAX98357A or another class-D amplifier.
Water Pump (R385)The R385 is a 6 V to 12 V DC diaphragm pump that self-primes, lifts water 3 m and moves 1 to 3 litres a minute for plant-watering projects.
4 Channel Relay ModuleA 5 V board with four Songle SRD-05VDC-SL-C relays, optocoupled active-low inputs and a JD-VCC jumper, for switching mains or DC loads from a microcontroller.
DRV8825A TI DRV8825 carrier board that drives one bipolar stepper motor from STEP and DIR pulses, at 8.2 V to 45 V and up to 1/32 microstepping.
DRV8833A TI DRV8833 dual H-bridge carrier that drives two small DC motors or one bipolar stepper from 2.7 V to 10.8 V with PWM speed control.
DRV8871A single H-bridge breakout for one brushed DC motor at 6.5 V to 45 V, 3.6 A peak, with current limiting set by one resistor and two PWM inputs.
G3MB-202P SSRA 5 V solid-state relay module built on the Omron G3MB-202P, switching AC loads of 0.1 A to 2 A at 100 to 240 VAC silently, at the zero crossing.
L9110HAn 8-pin H-bridge chip that runs one small DC motor both ways (or two solenoids) from 2.5 V to 12 V at up to 800 mA, with built-in clamp diodes.
MG90SA 13.4 g micro servo with metal gears, turning about 180° under a 50 Hz pulse signal with 1.8 to 2.2 kgf·cm of torque.
PAM8302A 2.5 W mono class-D amplifier breakout with differential inputs, a volume trimmer and a shutdown pin, for one 4 to 8 ohm speaker.
PAM8403A 3 W + 3 W filterless class-D stereo amplifier board that drives two 4 to 8 ohm speakers from a 5 V supply.
ULN2803AAn 18-pin array of eight Darlington drivers with clamp diodes, letting GPIOs sink up to 500 mA per channel from loads of up to 50 V.