Resistors, capacitors, diodes and transistors
19 parts, each with its pinout, wiring per board, code that compiles and the mistakes to avoid.
220Ω ResistorA 220-ohm fixed resistor, a standard E24 value most often used to current-limit an LED on a 5V line.
1kΩ ResistorA 1 kΩ, 1/4 W axial carbon film resistor for current limiting, transistor base drive, pull-ups, pull-downs, and voltage dividers.
10kΩ ResistorA 10 kΩ fixed axial resistor (0.25W carbon film) used for pull-ups, pull-downs, voltage dividers, and biasing.
100nF Ceramic CapacitorA 100nF (0.1uF) non-polarized ceramic capacitor, the standard decoupling and bypass part for keeping IC power rails quiet.
1N4007 DiodeA 1 A general-purpose silicon rectifier rated to 1000 V reverse blocking, in a through-hole DO-41 axial package.
1N4148 DiodeA small-signal fast switching diode in a DO-35 glass package, with at most 1 V forward drop at 10 mA and a 4 ns reverse recovery time.
Push ButtonA momentary tactile switch (SPST, normally open) whose contacts close only while the plunger is pressed, used as a simple digital input for microcontrollers.
10kΩ PotentiometerA 10kΩ three-terminal rotary potentiometer that acts as an adjustable voltage divider or variable resistor, with custom resistance values supported.
10kΩ Rotary PotentiometerA 10kΩ linear-taper rotary potentiometer: a 3-terminal variable resistor that works as an adjustable voltage divider for analog control.
2N2222 TransistorA general-purpose NPN bipolar transistor rated to 40 V and 600 mA, used to switch small loads or amplify low-power signals.
2N3904 TransistorGeneral-purpose NPN bipolar junction transistor for small-signal amplification and low-power switching, rated to 40 V and 200 mA in a TO-92 package.
2N3906 TransistorGeneral-purpose PNP bipolar transistor in a TO-92 package, rated 40V and 200mA for low-power switching and small-signal amplification.
2N7000 MOSFETN-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET in a TO-92 package that switches loads up to 60 V and 200 mA from a logic-level gate signal.
IRLZ44N MOSFETLogic-level N-channel HEXFET power MOSFET rated 55V and 47A, with its on-resistance specified at a 5V gate.
IRF520 MOSFETN-channel enhancement-mode power MOSFET in a TO-220 package, rated 100V and 9.2A for switching DC loads.
Electrolytic Capacitor (470µF)A polarised 470 µF, 25 V aluminium electrolytic capacitor: the bulk reservoir that stops motor, servo and LED supplies from sagging.
Slide Switch (SPDT)A three-pin SPDT slide switch that stays where you put it: the simplest way to add an on/off or mode selector to a circuit.
IRLB8721A 30 V, 62 A logic-level N-channel MOSFET in TO-220, the usual low-side switch for 12 V LED strips, motors and solenoids from a GPIO.
TIP120An NPN Darlington power transistor in TO-220 that lets a GPIO switch motors, solenoids and LED strips of up to a few amps at up to 60 V.